I came across this story recently on Edge of the American West, a fascinating blog run by a couple of history professors. It’s a story that I had never heard before, featuring some characters I had heard of, including Woody Guthrie, and Paul Robeson, an African-American scholar, athlete, actor, singer and civil rights activist back during the middle of the last century. Robeson had some pretty left-wing politics, and the temerity to schedule a benefit concert for the Civil Rights Congress in Peekskill, New York during the summer of 1947. Here’s what happened:
Throughout the summer, threats of violence against Robeson and the scheduled August concert filled The Peekskill Evening Star. The night of the 27th sheriffs watched as 300 men — many American Legion and Veterans of Foreign Wars members — used clubs, rocks, bottles, knives, and fence posts to smash cars, destroy the stage and seating, and attack concertgoers. A dozen victims were rushed to the hospital. Protesters even set a cross alight on a nearby hill. During the nearly three hour attack, the mob shouted, “We’re Hitler’s boys,” “Lynch Robeson,” “Kill every Commie bastard in America,” and “Every N—- and Jew bastard dies here tonight.” Meanwhile the authorities did nothing and arrested no one. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover declined to investigate the incident unless officials at the Justice Department compelled him to. They didn’t.
Robeson rescheduled the concert for Sunday afternoon, September 4th. A mob of several thousand heckled and taunted the 20,000 concertgoers as they entered the park. As Robeson sang, eyewitnesses sighted guns on a ridge pointed at the stage below. It wasn’t until the end of the concert that the taunts turned violent. Traffic was forced to a crawl on the only exit, a four-mile, narrow dirt road. Protesters lined the way, throwing rocks at cars and busses, sending broken glass everywhere. Some of the mob pushed vehicles over and attacked frantic passengers with bats and clubs, yelling “Go back to Russia you n—–!” Police again stood by as over 140 men, women, and children suffered broken bones, lacerated faces, and fractured skulls (see the video above).
I’ve been reading Rick Perlstein’s books about the modern conservative movement, Before the Storm and Nixonland, and I’ve been consistently surprised by the descriptions of the far-right elements that provided a lot of the foot soldiers for the movement. Later waves of conservatives tried to whitewash these John Birch Society-types out of their story, though they still, oddly, crop up occasionally, as when Sarah Palin quoted one in her convention speech.
They were there, though, part of the American story, and it’s worth remembering.